🔥 Benefits of Using Our Citation Generator
- It is 100% free, with no hidden fees or limitations, and you can use it as often as necessary.
- Our citation machine is easy to use, with a user-friendly, intuitive, and straightforward citation generation process that only requires five simple steps.
- It saves you time by quickly and easily generating accurate references.
🚀 How to Use Turabian Bibliography Generator
Here’s a step-by-step instruction for our Turabian citation generator:
- Select your source type from the list. You can choose a website, book, journal article, magazine or newspaper article, etc.
- Type in the information about the source. Provide the author's name, DOI number, and other relevant data.
- Type in other details if necessary. You can mention additional contributors, website title, date, etc.
- Click the Add button. You can generate several references this way.
- Get the results. Now, you can download an in-text citation or a reference.
You can also paste the link to your source, and our tool will reference it automatically. Just check the preview and edit it if needed.
🤔 What Is Turabian Citation Style?
Kate L. Turabian created the Handbook for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations in 1947 and then published it in a book in 1955.
It was the first official Turabian style booklet, which then evolved into a standard formatting method for students.
Turabian is a subtype of the Chicago style. When it comes to citations, the two styles are identical. The main distinction between Turabian and Chicago lies in their guidelines.
The Chicago Manual of Style | The Turabian Manual of Style |
---|---|
It is intended for editors and publishing experts, thus making Chicago style pretty complex. It's also more focused on the publication process compared to Turabian. | It is shorter, provides fewer instructions, and does not include publication-specific information. It also covers formatting rules and research and writing processes. |
The Turabian guide is much easier to read, so if you plan on using the Chicago style, you might want to start with Turabian.
📖 Turabian Reference Style: In-Text Citations & References
Now, let’s study how Turabian citations are formed. There are two ways of Turabian citation: Notes-Bibliography and Author-Date.
Turabian Notes-Bibliography Style
The Notes-Bibliography style used in Turabian is identical to that of Chicago. When using this format, you add a subscript number in the text each time a source is quoted or paraphrased. This reference number corresponds to a note containing all the relevant source information.
There are two types of notes: endnotes and footnotes.
- ✅ Endnotes are usually located at the end of the text
- ✅ Footnotes are situated at the bottom of the same page.
Both endnotes and footnotes can be either short or full, depending on how much detail you wish to provide for your quote:
- ✅ Short notes include the author's name, the source of the quotation, and the relevant page numbers.
- ✅ Full notes include everything covered in the short note, as well as the year of publication, edition, publisher, and URL.
As for bibliographies, they're used in the Turabian style for listing all the sources cited in the text. These lists are organized by author’s surname in alphabetic order.
Author-Date Style
The Turabian Author-Date style is also identical to the corresponding format in Chicago. In Turabian's author-date style, an in-text citation follows this format: the author's name, the year of publication, and the page number of the quoted text.
Every citation in the text must correspond to an entry in the reference list, which is typically located at the end of the academic work. The reference list provides more detailed information about each source.
📌 Citing Different Sources in Turabian Style
Follow this list to learn how to cite different types of sources in Turabian style!
📚 Template for Referencing a Book
AD format | Author's last name, first name. Year. Book Title: Subtitle. Place of publication: Publisher. URL (if it’s an e-book) |
NB format |
|
📑 Template for Referencing a Journal (Online and Printed)
AD format | Author's last name, first name. Year. “Article Title.” Journal Name, № of volume and issue (month or season): Page range. DOI or URL. |
NB format |
|
📰 Template for Referencing a Magazine or Newspaper
AD format | Author's last name, first name. Year. “Article Title.” Newspaper or Magazine Name, month and day of publication, year. URL. |
NB format |
|
🌐 Template for Referencing a Website
AD format | Author's last name, first name. Year. “Web Page Title.” Website Name. Month, day, year. URL. |
NB format |
|
📲 Template for Referencing a Blog
AD format | Author last name, first name. Year. “Post Title.” Blog Name (blog), Larger Publication, month day, year. URL. |
NB format |
|
✍️ Template for Referencing a Social Media Quote
AD format | Author's last name, first name (Username). Year. “First words of the post.” Website name, month, day, year. URL. |
NB format |
|
✨ Examples of Turabian Style References & Citations
Check out the examples below to see what different Turabian references look like!
Book
Printed
In text | (Maslow 2022) |
Reference list (AD) | Maslow, Abraham. 2022. A Theory of Human Motivation. Westford: Martino fine books. |
Short note (NB) | Maslow, A Theory of Human Motivation. |
Full note (NB) | Maslow Abraham, A Theory of Human Motivation (Westford: Martino fine books, 2022.) |
Bibliography (NB) | Maslow, Abraham. A Theory of Human Motivation. Westford: Martino fine books, 2022. |
E-books (you can also use DOI instead of URL)
In text | (Mitchell 2021) |
Reference list (AD) | Mitchell, Margaret. 2021. Gone with the Wind. New York: Global Grey. https://www.globalgreyebooks.com/gone-with-the-wind-ebook.html. |
Short note (NB) | Mitchell, Gone with the Wind. |
Full note (NB) | Full note: Margaret Mitchell, Gone with the Wind, (New York: Global Grey, 2021), https://www.globalgreyebooks.com/gone-with-the-wind-ebook.html. |
Bibliography (NB) | Bibliography: Mitchell, Margaret. Gone with the Wind. New York: Global Grey, 2021. https://www.globalgreyebooks.com/gone-with-the-wind-ebook.html. |
Journal Article
In text | (Chua 2022) |
Reference list (AD) | Eugene, Chua. 2022. “Better, Faster, Cheaper: Recent Advances in Cryo–Electron Microscopy.” Annual Review of Biochemistry: 13-21. https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev-biochem-032620-110705. |
Short note (NB) | Chua, “Better, Faster, Cheaper: Recent Advances in Cryo–Electron Microscopy,” 13-21. |
Full note (NB) | Eugene Chua, “Better, Faster, Cheaper: Recent Advances in Cryo–Electron Microscopy,” Annual Review of Biochemistry: 13-21. https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev-biochem-032620-110705. |
Bibliography (NB) | Eugene, Chua. “Better, Faster, Cheaper: Recent Advances in Cryo–Electron Microscopy,” Annual Review of Biochemistry: 13-21. https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev-biochem-032620-110705. |
Magazine & Newspaper Article
In text | (O’Callaghan 2023) |
Reference list (AD) | O’Callaghan, Jonathan. 2023. “At Jupiter, JUICE and Clipper Will Work Together in Hunt for Life.” Scientific American, February 16, 2023. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/at-jupiter-juice-and-clipper-will-work-together-in-hunt-for-life/. |
Short note (NB) | O’Callaghan, “At Jupiter, JUICE and Clipper Will Work Together in Hunt for Life.” |
Full note (NB) | Jonathan O’Callaghan, “At Jupiter, JUICE and Clipper Will Work Together in Hunt for Life.” Scientific American, February 16, 2023. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/at-jupiter-juice-and-clipper-will-work-together-in-hunt-for-life/. |
Bibliography (NB) | O’Callaghan, Jonathan. “At Jupiter, JUICE and Clipper Will Work Together in Hunt for Life.” Scientific American, February 16, 2023. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/at-jupiter-juice-and-clipper-will-work-together-in-hunt-for-life/. |
Website
In text | (History extra 2020) |
Reference list (AD) | History extra. 2022. “Your guide to the history of democracy.” October 30, 2022. https://www.historyextra.com/period/ancient-greece/what-is-democracy-definition-history-facts-solon-peisistratos-ekklesia/ |
Short note (NB) | History extra, “Your guide to the history of democracy.” |
Full note (NB) | “Your guide to the history of democracy,” History extra, October 30, 2022, https://www.historyextra.com/period/ancient-greece/what-is-democracy-definition-history-facts-solon-peisistratos-ekklesia/ |
Bibliography (NB) | “Your guide to the history of democracy.” History extra. October 30, 2022. https://www.historyextra.com/period/ancient-greece/what-is-democracy-definition-history-facts-solon-peisistratos-ekklesia/ |
Blog
In text | (Holt 2023) |
Reference list (AD) | Holt, Sharon. 2023. “Easy Pancakes.” Allrecipes (blog), Breakfast and Brunch, February 10, 2023. https://www.allrecipes.com/recipe/45396/easy-pancakes/ |
Short note (NB) | Holt, “Easy Pancakes.” |
Full note (NB) | Sharon Holt, “Easy Pancakes,” Allrecipes (blog), Breakfast and Brunch, February 10, 2023, https://www.allrecipes.com/recipe/45396/easy-pancakes/. |
Bibliography (NB) | Holt, Sharon. “Easy Pancakes,” Allrecipes (blog), Breakfast and Brunch, February 10, 2023. https://www.allrecipes.com/recipe/45396/easy-pancakes/. |
Social Media
In text | (Biden, 2023) |
Reference list (AD) | Biden, Joe (@JoeBiden). 2023. “My budget will invest in America, lower costs, and strengthen Social Security and Medicare…” X, February 19, 2023. https://x.com/JoeBiden/status/1627382259446579200 |
Short note (NB) | Biden, “My budget will invest in America” |
Full note (NB) | Joe Biden (@JoeBiden), “My budget will invest in America, lower costs, and strengthen Social Security and Medicare…” X, February 19, 2023, https://x.com/JoeBiden/status/1627382259446579200 |
Bibliography (NB) | Biden, Joe (@JoeBiden). “My budget will invest in America, lower costs, and strengthen Social Security and Medicare…” X, February 19, 2023. https://x.com/JoeBiden/status/1627382259446579200 |
Now you know about citing different sources in Turabian style, and you’re ready to start forming your own reference list. Feel free to use our free reference generator: it will be a great help to speed up the process and avoid mistakes! We also suggest trying out our essay rewriter and title page generator.
❓ Turabian Reference Generator FAQs
You must choose a suitable format (Author-Date or Notes-Bibliography) and follow the template of referencing a source. The main template for Turabian includes the author's surname, the year of publication, and a quoted page’s number. Note that the template can differ depending on which source you are citing.
Turabian is a simplified version of the Chicago style. The main difference between Turabian and Chicago is that Turabian has a shorter and easier manual that’s more accessible for students.
To cite a website in Turabian, you have to use one of the following referencing templates:
According to the Turabian Manual, the bibliography should be single-spaced, with a blank line between the entries. However, it's important to note that specific formatting requirements can vary depending on the instructor, so it's always a good idea to check for any guidelines you should follow.
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🔗 References
- Citation Styles and Tools: Chicago Manual of Style & Turabian: Whitman College
- General Notes: Humanities Style Chicago/Turabian (17th ed.) Citation Guide: Simon Fraser University
- Turabian (Chicago Style for Students): Citing Your Sources: Midlands Technical College
- Chicago/Turabian Style: Citation & Documentation: Daytona State College
- Introduction to Chicago/Turabian Style: Lumen Learning