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A flexible budget demonstrates different levels of income and expenses, depending on the number of sales that actually take place. Usually, actual earnings of the sold units are included in the flexible budget model, and the levels of budget spending are automatically counted by the model that is based on...
Velasco Treaty consisted of two documents, which were a secret treaty and a public treaty that were signed in Texas in 1836. The goal of the treaty was to end the hostile relationship between the Republic of Texas and Mexico. Explanation: Treaty that was signed in Velasco was the result...
According to various English dictionaries of general and special use, the word “unwarranted” can be defined as “lacking adequate or official support.” The term is broadly used in the legislative sphere as the adjective often concerns allegations that lack proof or any justification. Explanation: The word “unwarranted” as an adjective...
The Articles of Confederation, approved on November 15, 1777, by the Second Continental Congress, was the first-ever attempt in American history to establish an equal representation of the states in terms of the federal government. The strengths of this document include the creation of the Northwest Ordinance and signing successful...
The Justinian’s Code contains imperial constitutions, which are included in the codes of Gregorian and Theodosius and are still valid until Justinian, supplemented by later novels and modified according to the needs of the time. The Justinian’s Code consists of 12 books, books, in turn, consist of titles, titles are...
Proprietary colonies were created, like any other colonies, to conquer territories, extract resources and resettle people from Europe. However, their peculiarity was that they were owned and run by individual families or the person appointed by the English Crown. Explanation: The American territories of the time of the English colonization...
The Renaissance began in Italy in the fourteenth century. The main characteristics of this period are the revival of literature and art, many scientific discoveries, humanism, as well as the Reformation of the church. Explanation: One needs to delve deeper into the Renaissance history to answer the question “Where and how...
The Western Schism, also called Great Western Schism, or Schism of 1378, was a division in the Roman Catholic Church that occurred in 1378. During this period, there were three popes who claimed the papacy. The Western Schism was mostly driven by politics, rather than a religious dispute between the...
The industry versus inferiority is a period when a child starts attending elementary school, becomes acquainted with social norms, and learns how to meet them to have a positive image in society. It is the fourth stage of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development. Explanation: Erik Erikson, a psychologist, has developed his...
One of the first concepts of the leadership approach was Fiedler’s situational theory. She focused on the situation and identified three factors that influence the behavior of the leader. They are the relationship between the leader and subordinates, the structure of the task, and the authority of the leader. Explanation:...
The Knights of Labor was a poorly organized labor union tasked with promoting the rights of the working population in the 19th century. Explanation: The Knights of Labor is the term referring to the history of the labor movement in the United States and other English-speaking countries. The Knights of...
The Kansas-Nebraska Act repealed legislation prohibiting slavery and gave people in Kansas and Nebraska the right to determine their states’ official positions on that subject. Its significance can be seen in the resulting territorial changes, the formation of the Republican Party, and the growth of common people’s political power. Explanation:...
The Compromise of 1877 is defined as an informal agreement between Southern Democrats and allies of Rutherford Hayes, the Republican Party candidate. Also known as the Great Betrayal or the Corrupt Bargain, the Compromise of 1877 aimed to settle the results of the 1876 presidential election and marked the end...
The Lau v. Nichols case was one of the most significant legal events in the history of bilingual education, which was brought to deal with discrimination of non-English speaking students in the U.S. schools. The case ruled that denial of meaningful language instruction to the students who do not speak...
The key reason why companies issue stocks is to raise funds needed for a variety of goals, including development and expansion. Explanation: Issuing shares in a company on a stock market can be a significant opportunity for businesses that need money to invest in the development of new products, build...
The crowding-out effect occurs when the government’s active involvement in the economy affects the market and private companies’ spending by interfering with the private sector’s financial climate. Concerning the reasons, the crowding-out effect typically takes place because of increases in interest rates resulting from the growth of government spending. Explanation:...
According to the CFI, the cost of preferred stock to the company is the price it pays in return to the income it gets from issuing and selling the stock. In other words, it is nothing but the amount of money the company pays out in dividends to its stockholders...
Visual cliff experiment conducted by Eleanor Gibson and Richard Walk in 1960 is one of the classic studies in psychology. The experiment was created to test depth perception in infants and animal species by placing them on a platform that simulated a cliff providing the subjects with visual and tactile...
Monetary neutrality is one of the major and the most controversial economic theories, which claims that money as a concept can influence the rise or decline of prices exclusively. Thus, it does not control the overall state economy and the country’s gross domestic product (GDP). Explanation: Various researchers of the...
Hinduism is one of the largest religions in the world, which is considered polytheistic because those who confess Hinduism do not worship only one god. Hinduism implies the cultivation of thousands of deities. Also, there is an idea that there are 33 million Gods of Hinduism. This belief is not...
This is a job that does not require much professional experience to perform. Typically, entry-level workers in medicine are students or people who have decided to retrain. The availability of entry-level healthcare administration jobs allows those who need it to achieve the necessary experience and to share the job duties...
The Virginia resolves was the culmination of American public opposition in the British colonies. Speaking out against some of the king’s unjust laws, according to the Americans, one of the fighters for independence, Patrick Henry, came forward with a resolution on May 29, 1765, which initiated the formation of independent...
The Gaspee incident is inextricably linked to the history of the American struggle for independence. Gaspee would be a mighty British customs schooner, carrying out maritime navigation control on the territory of the peninsula Gaspee Point. On June 9, 1772, the ship was attacked by American forces. The attack intensified...
The Aztec government is characterized as being similar to a monarchy, where the emperor represented a primary ruler over the territories. Besides, the empire had a sophisticated law structure, possessing unique features. Explanation: Aztec Empire existed in the 15th and the beginning of the 16th century on the territories of...
In 1779, Colonel John Boyd and his Patriot forces unexpectedly attacked Loyalists led by Colonel Andrew Pickens near Kettle Creek and defeated them despite their numerical superiority and more advantageous positions. Explanation: The Battle of Kettle Creek is a minor encounter between Loyalists (Tories) and Patriots that happened on February...
The curve of long-term average costs shows the minimum values per unit of production produced at every possible volume of production. In this case, the long-term average total cost curve is made up of several sections of the short-term cost curves of companies of different sizes, which can be chosen...
Neo-freudism definition does not represent a single coherent doctrine. As followers of the father of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud, neo-Freudians psychologists remained committed to the idea of unconscious emotional motivation of human activity, but offer evidence that psychopathology is relative and specific to each culture. Explanation: Freud’s ideas continue to influence...
A positive economic statement is a statement about the economy that is factual and objective. Those statements can be tested with the assistance of available evidence. Explanation: Positive economics is referred to the branch of economy that focuses on the analysis of objective information. In other words, positive economics represents...
The after-tax cost of debt can be defined as the cost of financing from loans and debt securities, calculated with tax exemptions for debt servicing costs. Income tax paid by the company will be lower because the percentage of the debt will be deducted from taxable income, while dividends received...
The Connecticut Compromise was an agreement that established the structure of the U.S. legislative branch, creating a Congress with two branches: an upper house, called the Senate, and a lower house, called the House of Representatives. The agreement also stipulated that each state would have two senators, and representation in...
The summary of the Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg board of education case can be limited to the creation of busing programs that tried to contribute to racial integration in US public schools. It was one of many attempts to fight against racial segregation in American society. Explanation: The Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg...
The Battle of Chaeronea decided the fate of Greece where its freedom perished. The battle took place in early August 338 BC. At dawn, both troops lined up against each other in the Battle of Chaeronea and Philip had only about 32 thousand people, and the Hellenic forces were 50...
Implied powers are the powers granted to government and its political units, which are not stated in the Constitution. They are the result of other direct powers, where they expand the scope of their reach and authority. It is highly common around the globe for governments to possess implied powers....
An unsubsidized federal loan is a type of loan, which requires that you pay the interest accumulated during college. It is opposite to a direct subsidized loan because the US Department of Education pays its interest. Thus, it is necessary to understand what opportunities these loans offer to students. Explanation:...
A senatorial courtesy definition example is a political custom that is frequently used by the US President in the intention to consult a Senator while nominating a person for a federal position within a particular state. Explanation: The United States of America is a country with a strong political system...
An Institutional Review Board (IRB) approves the quality of a research process, and the risk of harm in social and behavioral sciences generally fall in three categories that are determined by specific regulations and credible and fair data. Explanation: Informed consent is a critical element of any research process in...
The importance of industrialization cannot be understated. Industrialization influences societal development and produces certain economic transformations as a result. Explanation: Nowadays, the word “industrialization” is very common. It is usually connected with such issues as technological progress, mass production, large enterprises, and development. The impact of industrialization encompasses many different...
Total liabilities are the aggregate of all obligations of the enterprise. Total liabilities reflect the sources of education of all available means of the company. Thus, assets can be called the property of the company, and liabilities are indicated by the monetary funds, due to which this property was formed....
Sales returns and allowances is a contra-revenue account deducted from sales. The relation between total sales and the amount of sales returns and allowances indicates how well a business ships high-quality products to its clients. Explanation: Sales returns occur if a customer decides to return the goods to the seller...
The history of Cajun Trinity is tied to the French immigrants, who were forced to migrate from Acadia (now called Nova Scotia) in Canada to Louisiana starting from the beginning to mid-sixteenth century. These immigrants are now called Cajun people and Acadians. Upon arrival, they were incredibly poor and had...
Iconoclastic controversy is a dispute over the use of religious images (icons) in the Byzantine Empire in the 8th and 9th centuries. The Iconoclasts (those who rejected images) objected to icon veneration; the defenders of the use of icons insisted on the symbolic nature of images and the dignity of...
Branzburg v. Hayes case raised a question of journalists’ preemptive right not to disclose evidence about the confidential sources or data gathered. The case was combined with the other two precedents: In re Pappas and United States v. Caldwell. The discussion challenged the US First Amendment values that prohibit to...
Askia Muhammad I, also known as Askia the Great, was the ruler of the Songhai Empire in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. His most significant achievements are extensive reforms and strengthening the country, which ultimately led to the creation of the largest empire in the history of West...
Miranda’s rule is a notification and warning that, following United States law, regulates the arrest of suspects by law enforcement agencies. According to this rule, law enforcement officials must notify suspects of their rights and, in turn, should receive a positive answer to the question of whether the suspect understands...
The House of Burgesses was the Lower Chamber of the Virginia General Assembly, the first legislative representative of the Virginia colony. Since its initiation in 1642, the House has been a public administration tool that has some independence and existed separately from the Governor and the Council appointed by the...
The presidential election of 1932 manifested a confrontation between the conservatives and liberals. The election emphasized the critical differences between Republicans and Democrats concerning the federal government’s role in the economy. The 1932 presidential election candidates were the Republican Herbert Hoover, who was defeated by the Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt....
Balanced reciprocity is one of three kinds of reciprocities in sociology. The other two are generalized and negative reciprocity. Balanced reciprocity occurs when people provide support or give gifts to each other in equal amounts. Explanation: Balanced reciprocity can best be explained by redistribution anthropology and reciprocal exchange, which refers...
The principle of lateral continuity states that sediment layers initially propagate in all directions; in other words, they are continuous in the transverse direction. Likewise, similar rocks that are currently separated by a valley or other erosion element can be considered initially permanent. Explanation: The sediments of some investigated areas...
Ticket splitting is the tendency of the voting system in the United States to cast votes concurrently for the candidates based on their appeal to the voter, notwithstanding one’s political allegiance. Such a voting approach has a broad application and signifies the weakness of the party, as well as the...
Glittering generalities is a method of propaganda, which implies vague words or statements that have an emotional appeal on people without providing specific grounds. Such words usually have a positive effect on people as they identify high-valued ideas and define the general concept of the glittering generalities. Explanation: As a...
The tertiary circular reactions definition in Piagetian theory is an infant’s action that creatively modifies former schemes to adapt to the requirements of new situations. Such reactions occur close to the end of the sensorimotor stage at about the beginning of the 2nd year. Explanation: The tertiary circular reactions vary...
Economic profit is the difference between the total income received by a business and the sum of total explicit and implicit costs. Following this, economic profit can be calculated by the formulas: Accounting Profit = Total Revenues – Explicit Costs Economic Profit = Accounting Profit – Implicit Costs You can...
The gross domestic private investment is a component of GDP, based on the amount of physical investments within the country. Explanation: Gross domestic product, or GDP, contains the most prominent information of the country’s economy. There are several ways to calculate it, and one of them is the expenditure approach....
Net domestic product is depreciation minus gross domestic products (GDP), which serves as a measure for the financial prosperity of a business. The decrease in the net domestic product is considered a positive measure. Explanation: Net domestic product (NDP) is a special measure of a nation of that measures economic...
In accounting, companies use days payable outstanding or days sales receivables in order to make accurate estimations of the outstanding accounts receivable. However, it is critical to note that the given estimation is measures in sales days averages and not in currency units. Explanation: Days Sales ratio formula is DSO for...
The Zimmerman Note is one of the most important documents in U.S. and world history because this letter initiated the participation of the United States in the First World War (WWI). In this letter, Germany invited Mexico to become an ally and start a war against the United States. Explanation:...
Alexander Mitchell was an American politician and the 50th U.S. Attorney General under the 28th President of the United States of America Thomas Woodrow Wilson. Under Mitchell’s leadership Palmer Raids were conducted. A. Mitchell Palmer and his raids were a response to the Red Scares. Explanation: The revolution in Russia...
The Hammurabi definition is that it was the name of one of the monarchs who governed Babylonia in the 18th century BC. During his reign, King Hammurabi united Babylon and neighboring cities into a single state and expanded the borders of the newly formed empire to the entire region of...
During the Civil War, the Border States that included Kentucky, Delaware, Missouri, Maryland, and West Virginia were the slave states that didn’t leave the Union. They played a rather important role in the Union’s victory as they gave the advantage in money, factories, and troops. Explanation: The American Civil War...
The Belmont Report, according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, was issued in 1978 by the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. The report is significant because it addresses the problems and describes basic ethical principles and important guidelines for...
The main United States legislature has two types of authority. These include the expressed and implied powers of Сongress.Article I, Section 8, of the U.S. Constitution, provides a list of subjects of exclusive jurisdiction that fall within the expressed powers of the Congress. All other items of authority (residual powers)...
Munn and his partner Scott argued that the Illinois legislature could not regulate the work of their private enterprise, the granary. Explanation: The Munn v. Illinois case is quite famous. If you are searching for an answer to the question “Why is the Wabash case important in history?”, you need...
The murder in 1881 of President J. Garfield, committed by one of the disappointed applicants for public office, aroused great indignation of the population. This forced both parties to enforce through the Congress the United States Civil Service Improvement and Regulation Act, named after its author by Pendleton’s Law. Since...
A mercenary is a person who engages in armed conflict not from ideological, national, political considerations, does not belong to any ideological group interested in the outcome of the conflict, and not in accordance with military duty, but for personal gain. Explanation: In order to understand the definition of a...
The recommended method for attaching a haul line to a firearm is to attach it to the firearm’s sling in a manner that the firearm hangs with the muzzle pointed down. Explanation: Gun safety measures are essential for every hunter, as well as hunter education in general. It aims at...
The California Bear Flag Republic existed for two weeks, numbered only about two hundred citizens, and did not have any civilian government. Explanation: To determine Bear Flag Republic definition, it is necessary to turn back to this historical epoch when the collapse of the Mexican state occurred in 1846. At...
This is the type of state in which various nations, nationalities, historically formed in this ethnic territory live together. Explanation: When surfing the Internet, one can always come across such questions as “Is Indonesia a multinational state?”. To answer this question, it is crucial to understand what this concept implies....
The Chola empire managed to conquer many territories due to its ruling system, powerful authorities, and continuous cultural enrichment. The empire symbolizes a fundamental stage in history, which enriched the culture and contributed to civilization’s growth. Explanation: Chola is the empire in Southern India that became one of the dynasties...
At any industrial enterprise, there is a product that has not passed a cycle of manufacturing ultimately and has not become ready. Therefore it is in a stage of faulty manufacture. However, such goods are the property of the enterprise, and therefore must necessarily be inventoried, as well as any...
The periodicity assumption states that the business activities of a company can be divided into specific periods. The reporting periods are usually a month, a quarter, or a year. A reporting period of one year is called a financial year. Explanation: The correct way to measure an organization’s performance would...
A blackout is the temporary memory loss that can occur for various reasons. However, in most cases, a blackout is referred to the breaches in memory due to the overconsumption of alcohol. Explanation: Different prior states of an individual can characterize a blackout. A person can lose consciousness for a...
Marginal revenue is an increase in income resulting from the sale of an additional unit of product. The marginal increase equation is a division of the change in total revenue by change in the total quantity of units produced and sold. It is actively used for determining product pricing, scheduling...
According to the US Constitution the President fulfills the role of the commander in chief of the military. As the Constitution states, the President is the supreme military commander. Explanation: In the year 1947, it was decided that the acting President of the US will perform the responsibilities of the...
Yazoo Land Fraud is a massive fraud with real estate, during which the U.S. State of Georgia’s politicians in 1794 sold vast tracts of land to political insiders at meager prices. In 1796 the state made attempts to return the land. These disputes reached the Supreme Court, but it settled...
John Roebling is an outstanding civil engineer who was born in Germany and earned fame in the United States. His primary invention is a steel wire rope, and it allowed Roebling to create his industrial complex. Its production allowed him to realize his other passion –Â suspension bridges. His most famous...
It was the wife of the 11th President of the United States, James Polk, named Sarah Childress-Polk. Although she did not recognize it in life, most historians believe that the ban on slutty lifestyles, card games, and dancing at balls is directly related to the religiousness of women. Explanation: The...
The Pope’s Rebellion or the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 was a rebellion of the Pueblo Indian tribes against the oppression of the Spanish colonizers, who imposed on them the Christian faith and their orders. The uprising was organized by the Pueblo leader Pope, and the memory of the uprising influences...
Biphasic response is a general term that is mostly used in alcohol drinking. The underlying idea is that alcohol consumption produces dual biphasic effect in a consumer, which are both stimulating and sedating. The given duality increases the chance of alcoholism occurrence among drinkers due to the increased range of...
In European history, the divine right of kings is a political doctrine that supports the monarchical absolutism, which stated that kings got their authority and power from God. That is why they cannot be responsible for any of their actions and by any authority such as a parliament. Explanation: The...
Ascribed status means the social position of a person in society given at birth. Statuses that are ascribed to a person cannot be changed. Examples of ascribed status include gender, age, race, and ethnicity. Explanation: Status is a social position in society, and in everyday use, it means “prestige.” Status...
The Carroll doctrine is a principle, according to which police officers are allowed to search a vehicle without having a warrant if they have a reason to believe it necessary. Explanation: In most cases, a policeman needs the warrant to search, but there are a few exceptions. One of them...
The pun is a literary device based on the confusing use of a word that has several meanings or two equally sounding words with different meanings. Typically, puns are used as a joke and can produce a humorous effect resulting from a successful collision between two meanings. Explanation: Puns are...
A market risk premium formula is calculated by deducting a risk-free rate of return from the expected risk of return or from the market rate return. It is used by investors to determine the level of risk against risk-free investment. Explanation: The investors want to balance the risk with the...
The layer-cake federalism is also known as dual federalism and divided sovereignty. This is a political structure in which power and responsibilities are divided between the federal government and state ones in clearly defined terms. The state governments exercise the powers that were granted to them without the intervention of...
United States food marketing bill’s largest single item is marketing bill series, which is the key component of a food dollar concept. Marketing bill series of the food marketing bill consists of two elements, which are farm share and bill. Explanation: The active use of marketing in managerial activities is only...
The US Supreme Court’s decision in Barron vs. Baltimore case in 1833 emphasized that the Bill of Rights restricts the rights of the federal government, but not the rights of the states. Barron vs. Baltimore ruling stated that the first ten Amendments to the Constitution of the US that are...
In order to answer the question how did Christopher Columbus die and when his death took place, it is important to reflect on his gout condition. Modern medical specialists mostly agree on the fact that there was a different environment during his life, which is why it is believed that...
The Yamasee war held between 1715 and 1717 was an armed conflict between British colonists and Indians in the area of the present state of South Carolina. The Indians killed hundreds of colonists, and many settlements were destroyed. Free traders were murdered throughout the southeastern region of the United States....
The construction of the state of a new democracy was directly connected with the implementation of the Three Principles of the People of Sun Yat-sen. To one degree or another, these principles, which are nationalism, democracy, and national prosperity, were reflected in the content of the theory and practice of...
The White League was created as a paramilitary structure, actively promoting a policy of white supremacy and acting as the opposition to Republican government forces. The main goal of the League was to create chaos in a variety of ways to reduce the number of Republicans voting and organizing. The...
Protectorate is a country that is mainly governed and defended by a more powerful country that serves as the protector. Explanation: Protectorate is a state or a territory that is partly administered by a stronger state but is autonomous in internal politics. Hence, it does not imply the possession of...
The Anti-Comintern Pact means an agreement concluded first between Germany and Japan on November 25, 1936, and then between Italy, Germany, and Japan on November 6, 1937. It was targeted supposedly at stopping the spread of Communism around the world and against the Communist International (Comintern). However, the pact, in fact,...
The historically significant of McCulloch v. Maryland has genuinely revealed the concept of the inherent powers of the U.S. Congress. During this process, Maryland’s state leadership taxed a branch of the National Federal Bank, which was sharply opposed by the chief cashier, James McCulloch. The conflict reached the Supreme Court,...
Jacksonian democracy can be defined as the era of economic and political reforms of 1820-1830. Explanation: Jacksonian democracy was named after Andrew Jackson, the nation’s 7th President. It began in 1828 when Jackson was elected President and ended in 1837. The democracy of Jackson is related to numerous political and...
During World War I, at the beginning of the 20th century, Americans renamed hamburgers to the “liberty sandwiches” due to the German etymology of the word “hamburger.” The meal appearance dates back to the 1840s when there was an impressive amount of German immigrants in the United States due to political...
Common shares are shares available for purchase on the stock market, including those held by institutional investors and company officials (insiders) that have ownership in a corporation. To calculate common stock, there can be found a specific accounting formula: the number of issued shares minus treasury stocks equals to the...
A behaviorally anchored rating scale (BARS) is a scale that estimates the behavior of employees in various situations from the most desirable to unacceptable. In cases where it is necessary to assess the compliance of employees’ behavior with the established norms and standards adopted in the company, the BARS method...
The South Carolina Exposition and Protest was published by the vice president John C. Calhoun in response to the Tariff of Abominations, which favored the North economy at the expense of the South. Explanation: The Tariff of Abominations placed nearly 50% of taxes on foreign manufactured goods, which was disadvantageous...
The consideration clause of an insurance contract includes the amount of insurance payments that the company must pay to the client in the event of an insured event. Such moment implies not only the death of the client, but may also include the onset of illness, injury or psychological disorders....
The last representative of the Habsburg dynasty on the Spanish throne was born in Madrid in 1661. Charles II was the son of Philip IV of Spain and his second wife Mariana of Austria, who was his niece. Explanation: The Habsburg House was considered the most powerful dynasty in medieval...