CBE (Council of Biology Editors) Citation Style
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Many natural sciences writers use the citation style recommended in CBE citation style guidelines, giving suggestion for styling and formatting scientific works, journals, and publication. So, its editors propose two methods for documenting and citing sources in CBE referencing: the name-year system and the citation-sequence system.
CBE Citation Style: citation-sequence system vs. name-year system
Using the citation-sequence system, you should cite only key sources from the reference list that are numbered according to their appearance in the text. Basically, in CBE referencing superscript number1 or a number in parentheses (1) are used. If a single reference provides more than one source, enumerate the source numbers1,3,6 in a series. Also, to separate more than two numbers1-3 in CBE citation samples a dash is used.
Using the name-year system in CBE citation style, key cited sources are located in the reference list alphabetically. In this very format, the publication date follows the author’s name immediately. The following CBE citation style example uses the name-year system: The discovery in normal cells of genes competent of causing tumours can be considered a breakpoint in cancer research (Steeling and others 1987). Recent work (Darker, Zhao, and Darker 1991) has proved the importance of this revelation. Read more
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ASA (American Sociological Association) Citation Style
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ASA (American Sociological Association) citation style is elaborated for authors who are preparing publication in ASA journals or for students who are instructed to use “ASA style” for their research papers writing.
Referencing in ASA requires citing sources within the paper text itself using parenthetical references. Some scientists name it “a modification of The Chicago Manual of Style”. The aim of the ASA citation style is to give brief citations providing thereby as little distraction as possible.
ASA Referencing: In-Text Citations
ASA citation style guidelines insist on the in-text citation application. You are supposed to know that in-text citations include the author’s last name and publication year. Page numbers are included ONLY when quotes are taken directly from a work. You can see it from ASA citation sample: Jilin (1967) provides similar patterns for women in Uruguay. Referencing in ASA implies that endnotes and footnotes are to be used only if necessary!
Books in ASA Citation Style
Basic form for a book entry in ASA referencing is: Read more
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APSA (American Political Science Association) Citation Style
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Welcome to APSA Citation Style
Following APSA citation style guidelines, the citation usually includes the author(s) last name, the publication year and the page number(s) in parentheses. A first initial can be used if two uncommon authors with the identical name appear. These are general APSA citation samples:
… the extended share of dilettantes (Wilson 1967, 85);
… informed in several studies (C. Hermann 1988, 42; M. Hermann
1989, 337).
Government Documents and Legal Citations in APSA Referencing
Generally, details on government documents must be in the reference list. For in-text citations – the source name, date and page number in parentheses suffice. Citing in APSA to other public documents, you can use the standard form. The methods of referring to government documents vary, but these APSA citation style examples should prove adequate: Read more
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American Antiquity Citation Style
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Saying about American Antiquity citation style, there are two types of citation worse to specify: parenthetical citation and in-text reference.
Parenthetical Citations: referencing in American Antiquity Style
As usual, anthropology writers use parenthetical citation. Therefore, American Antiquity citation style guidelines do not recommend using endnotes, footnotes or numbered citations. American Antiquity citation samples show that all information sources referred to in your research paper must be identified with explicit citations. Remember: failure to acknowledge the sources (not in American Antiquity referencing only) constitutes plagiarism punished in most cases by dismissal from the university!
Referencing in American Antiquity: Cite within parentheses
After reviewing some American Antiquity citation style examples, you will see that a basic form can be outlined as follows: the author’s name, the year of publication, and the specific page or pages on which the material appears. Note: in American Antiquity referencing there is no punctuation after the author’s name, but a colon is used after the date and a comma – in the case of any graphic reference: The Feast of the Dead was taken over by the Algonquians of the northern Great Lakes from the Huron of the Ontario peninsula (Dickerson 1960:87-88). Read more
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AMA (American Medical Association) Citation Style
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The documentation style advised by the American Medical Association (AMA) is widely used for writing in the medical sciences.
In this article we try to answer some FAQs regarding AMA citation style.
How may I cite software?
Referencing in AMA, software available without charge via the Internet (freeware) or mentioned only in passing can be NOT cited in the reference list. However, AMA citation style guidelines outline that if the software is using for analysis objectives, a citation MUST be included.
How can I cite personal communication in AMA citation style?
Referencing in AMA, the author have to indicate the communication date (whether it was oral or written); the person’s affiliation might be helpful to better establish the citation authority. That’s why place personal communication citation in the text without separate numbered citations. Read more
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