IEEE Citation Style
Posted on August 12, 2007
Any citation style is determined to give the reader direct information about sources cited in the text. In IEEE citation style, the references should be numbered and emerge through the text. Referring in IEEE needs to put the reference number in square brackets, e.g. [1].
IEEE Referencing Features
Generally, the IEEE citation style has 3 main characteristics:
- The author’s name is first name (or initial) and last. In this point IEEE referencing is distinguished from MLA citation style where firstly is author’s last name.
- Any title is in quotation marks.
- But the title of journal or book is in italics.
Harvard Citation Style
Posted on August 12, 2007
Harvard Citation Style, also known as the author-date system, or parenthetical system, is used by many essay writers internationally.
The author-date system originated at Harvard University. Although its scientists no longer produce guidelines and manuals for referencing, a version of the author-date system is still considered as the Harvard referencing. Other author-date referencing styles include Chicago, APA and MLA citation style.
Harvard referencing: practical instructions
Here are some Harvard referencing examples to ease your perception: Read more
CBE (Council of Biology Editors) Citation Style
Posted on August 12, 2007
Many natural sciences writers use the citation style recommended in CBE citation style guidelines, giving suggestion for styling and formatting scientific works, journals, and publication. So, its editors propose two methods for documenting and citing sources in CBE referencing: the name-year system and the citation-sequence system.
CBE Citation Style: citation-sequence system vs. name-year system
Using the citation-sequence system, you should cite only key sources from the reference list that are numbered according to their appearance in the text. Basically, in CBE referencing superscript number1 or a number in parentheses (1) are used. If a single reference provides more than one source, enumerate the source numbers1,3,6 in a series. Also, to separate more than two numbers1-3 in CBE citation samples a dash is used.
Using the name-year system in CBE citation style, key cited sources are located in the reference list alphabetically. In this very format, the publication date follows the author’s name immediately. The following CBE citation style example uses the name-year system: The discovery in normal cells of genes competent of causing tumours can be considered a breakpoint in cancer research (Steeling and others 1987). Recent work (Darker, Zhao, and Darker 1991) has proved the importance of this revelation. Read more
ASA (American Sociological Association) Citation Style
Posted on August 12, 2007
ASA (American Sociological Association) citation style is elaborated for authors who are preparing publication in ASA journals or for students who are instructed to use “ASA style” for their research papers writing.
Referencing in ASA requires citing sources within the paper text itself using parenthetical references. Some scientists name it “a modification of The Chicago Manual of Style”. The aim of the ASA citation style is to give brief citations providing thereby as little distraction as possible.
ASA Referencing: In-Text Citations
ASA citation style guidelines insist on the in-text citation application. You are supposed to know that in-text citations include the author’s last name and publication year. Page numbers are included ONLY when quotes are taken directly from a work. You can see it from ASA citation sample: Jilin (1967) provides similar patterns for women in Uruguay. Referencing in ASA implies that endnotes and footnotes are to be used only if necessary!
Books in ASA Citation Style
Basic form for a book entry in ASA referencing is: Read more
APSA (American Political Science Association) Citation Style
Posted on August 12, 2007
Welcome to APSA Citation Style
Following APSA citation style guidelines, the citation usually includes the author(s) last name, the publication year and the page number(s) in parentheses. A first initial can be used if two uncommon authors with the identical name appear. These are general APSA citation samples:
… the extended share of dilettantes (Wilson 1967, 85);
… informed in several studies (C. Hermann 1988, 42; M. Hermann
1989, 337).
Government Documents and Legal Citations in APSA Referencing
Generally, details on government documents must be in the reference list. For in-text citations – the source name, date and page number in parentheses suffice. Citing in APSA to other public documents, you can use the standard form. The methods of referring to government documents vary, but these APSA citation style examples should prove adequate: Read more